Mai ka wā i wela ai ka mākeke IoT, ua hoʻomaka ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku polokalamu a me nā lako mai nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ola, a ma hope o ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano ʻāpana o ka mākeke, ua lilo nā huahana a me nā hoʻonā e kū pono ana i nā hiʻohiʻona noi i mea nui. A, i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā pono o nā mea kūʻai aku i ka manawa like, hiki i nā mea hana pili ke loaʻa ka mana a me ka loaʻa kālā hou aʻe, ua lilo ka ʻenehana noiʻi ponoʻī i mea nui, ʻoiai ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio kelepona ʻole, i ka wā ma ka mākeke he haneli o ke kūlana ulu.
Ma ke ʻano o ke kamaʻilio uea ʻole liʻiliʻi, aia ʻo Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Z-Wave, Thread a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe; ma ke ʻano o ka pūnaewele ākea mana haʻahaʻa (LPWAN), aia pū kekahi ʻo Sigfox, LoRa, ZETA, WIoTa, Turmass a me nā ʻenehana ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea aʻe, hōʻuluʻulu pōkole kēia pepa i ke kūlana hoʻomohala o kekahi o nā ʻenehana i luna, a kālailai i kēlā me kēia ʻenehana ma nā ʻano ʻekolu: ka hana hou ʻana o nā noi, ka hoʻolālā mākeke, a me nā loli kaulahao ʻoihana e kūkākūkā i ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano e hiki mai ana o ka mākeke kamaʻilio IoT.
Kamaʻilio uea ʻole liʻiliʻi: Hoʻonui ʻana i ke kahua, ka pilina ʻenehana
I kēia lā, ke hana hou nei kēlā me kēia ʻenehana kamaʻilio uea ʻole, a ʻo nā loli i ka hana, ka hana a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻololi o kēlā me kēia ʻenehana he hōʻike maoli nō ia i ke kuhikuhi o ka mākeke. I kēia manawa, aia kahi hanana o ka ʻenehana To C To B i ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kahua, a ma ka pilina ʻenehana, me ka pae ʻana o ka protocol Matter, loaʻa pū kekahi holomua ʻē aʻe o ka pilina cross-technology.
Bluetooth
· Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Bluetooth 5.4 - Hoʻonui i ka noi lepili kumukūʻai uila
Wahi a Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4, hoʻohana ʻo ESL (Electronic Price Label) i kahi hoʻolālā helu kelepona (binary) i haku ʻia me kahi ESL ID 8-helu a me kahi hui ID 7-helu. A he kū hoʻokahi ka ESL ID ma waena o nā hui like ʻole. No laila, hiki i ka pūnaewele hāmeʻa ESL ke loaʻa a hiki i 128 mau hui, a loaʻa i kēlā me kēia a hiki i 255 mau polokalamu ESL kū hoʻokahi he mau lālā o kēlā hui. I nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi, ma kahi noi kumukūʻai uila, inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi pūnaewele Bluetooth 5.4, aia paha he 32,640 mau polokalamu ESL i loko o kahi pūnaewele, hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia kēlā me kēia tag mai kahi kiko komo hoʻokahi.
Wi-Fi
· Hoʻonui ʻia ke kahua i nā laka puka akamai, a pēlā aku.
Ma waho aʻe o nā mea hiki ke komo a me nā mea ʻōlelo akamai, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā huahana home akamai e like me nā bele puka, nā thermostat, nā uaki alarm, nā mea hana kope a me nā kukui uila i nā pūnaewele Wi-Fi. Eia kekahi, manaʻo ʻia nā laka akamai e komo i nā pūnaewele Wi-Fi no nā lawelawe hou aku. Ke hōʻemi nei ʻo Wi-Fi 6 i kāna hoʻohana mana me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka throughput data ma o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono o ka pūnaewele a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka bandwidth.
· Ke hoʻāla nei ke kūlana Wi-Fi
Me ka pololei o ka wahi Wi-Fi e hōʻea ana i ka 1-2m a me nā kūlana hanauna ʻekolu a me ʻehā e hoʻomohala ʻia ana ma muli o nā lawelawe wahi Wi-Fi, e hiki ai i nā ʻenehana LBS hou ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka pololei e lawelawe i nā ʻano mea kūʻai aku, nā ʻoihana, nā ʻoihana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dorothy Stanley, ka mea kākau kūlana ma Aruba Networks a me ke poʻo o ka IEEE 802.11 Working Group, ʻo nā ʻenehana LBS hou a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e hiki ai i ka wahi Wi-Fi ke neʻe i loko o 0.1m. E hiki ai i nā ʻenehana LBS hou a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke hoʻonoho ʻana iā Wi-Fi i loko o 0.1m, wahi a Dorothy Stanley, ka mea kākau kūlana ma Aruba Networks a me ke poʻo o ka IEEE 802.11 Working Group.
ʻO Zigbee
· Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Zigbee Direct, ka pilina pololei Bluetooth i hoʻohui ʻia i nā kelepona paʻalima
No nā mea kūʻai aku, hāʻawi ʻo Zigbee Direct i kahi ʻano launa hou ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana o Bluetooth, e ʻae ana i nā polokalamu Bluetooth e komo i nā polokalamu ma ka pūnaewele Zigbee me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i kahi ao a i ʻole hub. Ma kēia hiʻohiʻona, hiki i ka pūnaewele ma Zigbee ke hoʻopili pololei i ke kelepona ma o ka ʻenehana Bluetooth, e ʻae ana i ke kelepona e kaohi i nā polokalamu ma ka pūnaewele Zigbee.
· Hoʻonui ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o Zigbee PRO 2023 i ka palekana o ka hāmeʻa
Hoʻonui ʻo Zigbee PRO 2023 i kāna hoʻolālā palekana e hoʻohālikelike i ka hana hub-centric ma o ka "hana pū ʻana me nā hubs āpau", kahi hiʻohiʻona e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pūnaewele kūpaʻa hub-centric ma ke kōkua ʻana i nā polokalamu e ʻike i ka node makua kūpono loa e hui pū me ka palekana a hui hou i ka pūnaewele. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke kākoʻo no nā alapine sub-gigahertz ʻEulopa (800 Mhz) a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau (900 MHZ) e hāʻawi i ka ikaika hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe a me ka laulā e kākoʻo i nā hihia hoʻohana hou aku.
Ma o ka ʻike ma luna nei, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke huki i ʻelua mau hopena, ʻo ka mea mua, ke loli mālie nei ke kuhikuhi o ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio mai ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā hiʻohiʻona noi a hāʻawi i nā huahana hou no nā hoa kaulahao ʻoihana; ʻo ka lua, ma waho aʻe o ka protocol Matter i loko o nā "pale" interconnection, aia pū nā ʻenehana i loko o ka interconnection ʻelua ala a me ka interoperability.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kamaʻilio uea ʻole liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano he pūnaewele kūloko he ʻāpana wale nō ia o ke kamaʻilio IoT, a ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au ʻo ka ʻenehana LPWAN wela e hoʻomau nei, e huki ana i ka nui o ka nānā.
LPWAN
· Hoʻonui i ka hana kaulahao ʻoihana, kahi ākea o ka mākeke ma waho
Mai nā makahiki mua i puka mua mai ai ka ʻenehana no ka noi a me ke kaulana, a hiki i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hana hou o nā noi i kēia lā e lawe i nā mākeke hou aku, ke hele nei ke kuhikuhi o ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻenehana i kahi hoʻololi kupaianaha. Ua maopopo he mea hou aʻe i ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio uea ʻole liʻiliʻi, ua nui nā mea i hana ʻia ma ka mākeke LPWAN i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.
LoRa
· Ua kūʻai ʻo Semtech iā Sierra Wireless
ʻO Semtech, ka mea nāna i hana i ka ʻenehana LoRa, e hoʻohui i ka ʻenehana modulation uea ʻole LoRa i loko o nā modula kelepona o Sierra Wireless me ke kūʻai ʻana iā Sierra Wireless, kahi hui e kālele ana i nā modula kamaʻilio kelepona, a ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā huahana o nā hui ʻelua, e hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke komo i kahi kahua ao IoT e lawelawe i nā hana he nui me ka hoʻokele hāmeʻa e hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke komo i kahi kahua ao IoT e lawelawe i nā hana he nui me ka hoʻokele hāmeʻa, ka hoʻokele pūnaewele a me ka palekana.
· 6 miliona mau puka komo, 300 miliona mau kikowaena hopena
He mea kūpono ke haʻi ʻia aku nei ʻo LoRa e ulu ana ma nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole ma ka home a ma waho e pili ana i nā kikoʻī like ʻole ma kēlā me kēia ʻāina, me Kina e neʻe ana i ka "pūnaewele kūloko" a me nā ʻāina ʻē e hoʻomau nei i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā WAN nui. Ua maopopo ʻia e hāʻawi ana ka paepae Helium haole (Helium) i ke kākoʻo nui no ka uhi ʻana o ka puka komo LoRa e pili ana i ka uku waiwai kikohoʻe a me ke ʻano hoʻohana. ʻO kāna mau mea lawelawe ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ʻo Actility, Senet, X-TELIA, a pēlā aku.
ʻO Sigfox
· Hoʻohuihui ʻenehana Multi-ʻenehana a me Synergy
Mai ka wā i loaʻa ai ʻo Sigfox i ka hui IoT Singapore ʻo UnaBiz i ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻololi ka mea mua i nā hana a ka mea hope, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ke ʻano o ka hui ʻenehana, a ke hoʻohui nei ʻo Sigfox i nā ʻenehana LPWA ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻenehana kamaʻilio uea ʻole liʻiliʻi no kāna mau lawelawe. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo UnaBiz i ka synergy o Sigfox lāua ʻo LoRa.
· Hoʻololi Hoʻohālike ʻOihana
Ua hoʻokumu hou ʻo UnaBiz i ka hoʻolālā ʻoihana a Sigfox a me kāna kumu hoʻohālike ʻoihana. I ka wā ma mua, ʻo ka hoʻolālā a Sigfox no ka hoʻoholo ʻana e hoʻomohala i kahi hiki honua e hoʻokō i nā pono like ʻole a lilo i mea hoʻokele ponoʻī i hoʻoluliluli i nā ʻoihana he nui i loko o ke kaulahao ʻoihana ma muli o kona kaohi koʻikoʻi ma luna o ka ʻōnaehana ʻenehana, e koi ana i nā hoa hana e pili ana i ka pūnaewele Sigfox e kaʻana like i kahi nui o nā loaʻa kālā lawelawe, a pēlā aku. A i kēia lā, ma kahi o ka nānā wale ʻana i nā hana pūnaewele, ke nānā nui nei ʻo UnaBiz i nā ʻoihana koʻikoʻi e hāʻawi i nā lawelawe, e hoʻoponopono ana i ka hoʻolālā hana no nā mea kuleana koʻikoʻi (nā hoa, nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hoʻokele Sigfox) a e hōʻemi nui ana i nā pohō o Sigfox ma 2/3 ma ka hopena o 2022 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hopena o 2021.
ZETA
· Ka ʻekolika wehe, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka synergy kaulahao ʻoihana
ʻAʻole e like me LoRa, kahi i hana ʻia ai ka 95% o nā ʻāpana e Semtech ponoʻī, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea komo i ka ʻoihana ʻāpana a me nā modula o ZETA, me STMicroelectronics (ST), Silicon Labs, a me Socionext ma waho, a me nā mea hana semiconductor kūloko e like me Quanxin Micro, Huapu Micro, a me Zhipu Micro. Eia kekahi, hana pū ʻo ZETA me socionext, Huapu Micro, Zhipu Micro, DaYu Semiconductor a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe o nā ʻāpana, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā modula ZETA, hiki ke laikini iā IP i nā mea hana noi like ʻole i ka ʻoihana, e hana ana i kahi ecology lalo e wehe ʻia.
· Ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka paepae ZETA PaaS
Ma o ka paepae ZETA PaaS, hiki i nā mea hoʻomohala ke hana i nā hoʻonā no nā hiʻohiʻona hou aʻe; hiki i nā mea hoʻolako ʻenehana ke hana pū me IoT PaaS e hōʻea i kahi ākea o nā mea kūʻai aku; hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻopili koke i ka mākeke a hōʻemi i ka huina kumukūʻai. Eia kekahi, ma o ka paepae PaaS, hiki i kēlā me kēia mea hana ZETA ke uhaʻi i nā palena o ka māhele a me nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻopili pū me kekahi, i mea e ʻimi ai i ka waiwai noi ʻikepili hou aku.
Ma o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana LPWAN, ʻoiai ka panakalupa a me ke "ala hou ʻana" o Sigfox, hiki ke ʻike ʻia, i mea e loaʻa ai nā pilina hou aku, pono ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio IoT i nā hoa kaulahao ʻoihana e hoʻomohala like a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka komo ʻana o nā mea kuleana a me ka loaʻa kālā. I ka manawa like, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike pū kekahi e hoʻomohala ikaika nei nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe e like me LoRa lāua ʻo ZETA i ka ʻōnaehana ola.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā makahiki i hala aku nei i ka wā i hānau ʻia ai nā ʻenehana kamaʻilio a hana kaʻawale kēlā me kēia mea paʻa ʻenehana, ʻo kahi ʻano nui i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ka hui ʻana, me ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā ʻenehana kamaʻilio uea ʻole liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano o ka hana a me ka hana, a me nā ʻenehana LPWAN ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā mea e like me ka throughput data a me ka latency, ka mea i lilo i kikowaena o ka hana hou ʻenehana, ua lilo i mau koi kumu, a ʻo ke kikowaena o ka hana hou ʻenehana i kēia manawa ke kau nei ma luna o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā lawelawe. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kuhikuhi o ka hana hou ʻana ʻo ia hoʻi ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā mea komo i ka ʻoihana a ke hoʻomaikaʻi nei ke kaiapuni. Ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka pilina IoT, ʻaʻole e pau ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio ma ka pilina "cliché" i ka wā e hiki mai ana, akā e loaʻa nā manaʻo hou aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-27-2023