Ma ka moʻolelo a ka mea kākau Italia ʻo Calvino ʻo "The Invisible City" aia kēia ʻōlelo: "Ua like ke kūlanakauhale me ka moeʻuhane, ʻo nā mea a pau i hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia hiki ke moeʻuhane ʻia …..."
Ma ke ʻano he hana moʻomeheu nui o ke kanaka, ke hāpai nei ke kūlanakauhale i ka makemake o ke kanaka no ke ola maikaʻi aʻe. No nā tausani makahiki, mai Plato a i More, ua makemake mau ke kanaka e kūkulu i kahi utopia. No laila, ma kekahi ʻano, ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale akamai hou e kokoke loa ana i ka noho ʻana o nā moeʻuhane kanaka no ke ola maikaʻi aʻe.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma lalo o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ke au hou o nā ʻoihana hana o Kina a me ka hanauna hou o ka ʻenehana ʻike e like me ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea, ke kūkulu ʻia nei ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā kūlanakauhale akamai, a ʻo ke kūlanakauhale moeʻuhane e hiki ke ʻike a noʻonoʻo, e ulu a loaʻa ka mahana e lilo mālie nei i mea maoli.
ʻO ka lua o ka papahana nui loa ma ke kahua o IoT: Nā kūlanakauhale akamai
ʻO nā kūlanakauhale akamai a me nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai kekahi o nā hoʻokō i kūkākūkā nui ʻia, kahi i hoʻokō nui ʻia ma o kahi ala kūpono a hoʻohui ʻia i ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea, ka ʻikepili a me ka pilina, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā hoʻonā a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe.
E hoʻonui nui ʻia nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai i ko lākou hele pū ʻana me ka hoʻololi ʻana mai nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai manawa pōkole i nā kūlanakauhale akamai maoli mua. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻomaka kēia ulu ʻana i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei a ua wikiwiki i ka makahiki 2016. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, he mea maʻalahi ke ʻike ʻia ʻo nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai kekahi o nā wahi IoT alakaʻi i ka hana.
Wahi a ka loiloi o kahi hōʻike i paʻi ʻia e IoT Analytics, he hui loiloi IoT Kelemania, ʻo nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai ka lua o nā papahana IoT nui loa ma ke ʻano o ka mahele honua o nā papahana IoT, ma hope o ka ʻoihana Pūnaewele. A ma waena o nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai, ʻo ka noi kaulana loa ʻo ia ka halihali akamai, a ukali ʻia e nā pono hana akamai.
I mea e lilo ai i kūlanakauhale akamai "ʻoiaʻiʻo", pono nā kūlanakauhale i kahi ala hoʻohui e hoʻopili ai i nā papahana a hoʻopili pū i ka hapa nui o ka ʻikepili a me nā kahua e hoʻokō ai i nā pono āpau o ke kūlanakauhale akamai. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā ʻenehana hāmama a me nā kahua ʻikepili hāmama e lilo i mea nui i ka neʻe ʻana i ka pae aʻe.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo IDC ʻo nā kahua ʻikepili hāmama i ka makahiki 2018 ka palena aʻe i ke kūkākūkā ʻana e lilo i kahua IoT. ʻOiai e kū kēia i kekahi mau pilikia a ʻaʻohe ʻōlelo kikoʻī e pili ana i nā kūlanakauhale akamai, ua maopopo he mea nui ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ia mau kahua ʻikepili hāmama i ka wahi kūlanakauhale akamai.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia ulu ʻana o ka ʻikepili hāmama ma IDC FutureScape: 2017 Global IoT Forecast, kahi i ʻōlelo ai ka hui a hiki i ka 40% o nā aupuni kūloko a me nā ʻāina e hoʻohana i ka IoT e hoʻololi i nā ʻoihana e like me nā kukui alanui, nā alanui a me nā hōʻailona kalepa i waiwai, ma mua o nā kuleana, ma ka makahiki 2019.
He aha nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohana o ke kūlanakauhale akamai?
ʻAʻole paha mākou e noʻonoʻo koke i nā papahana kaiapuni akamai a me nā papahana ʻōlelo aʻo waikahe akamai, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia he mea nui lākou i nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai. No ka laʻana, ke hoʻokūkū ʻia ka haumia o ke kaiapuni kūlanakauhale, a laila ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu nui no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i nā pono koke a pono i nā kamaʻāina.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona kūlanakauhale akamai kaulana e komo pū ana me ke kaʻa kaʻa akamai, ka hoʻokele kaʻa akamai, nā kukui alanui akamai a me ka hoʻokele ʻōpala akamai. ʻO kēlā ʻōlelo, ʻo kēia mau hihia ke hoʻohui pū nei i ka hui pū ʻana o ka pono, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia kūlanakauhale, ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ola ma nā wahi kūlanakauhale, a me ke kau ʻana i nā kamaʻāina ma mua no nā kumu like ʻole.
Eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona noi a i ʻole nā wahi e pili ana i nā kūlanakauhale akamai.
Nā lawelawe aupuni, e like me nā lawelawe kīwila, nā lawelawe mākaʻikaʻi, ka halihali lehulehu, ka ʻike a me ka hoʻokele, a me nā lawelawe ʻike.
Ka palekana o ka lehulehu, ma nā wahi e like me ke kukui akamai, ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka nānā ʻana i nā waiwai, ka mākaʻi ʻana, ka nānā ʻana i nā wikiō a me ka pane ʻana i nā pilikia.
Ke kūpaʻa mau nei, me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka hoʻokele ʻōpala akamai a me ka hana hou ʻana, ka ikehu akamai, ke ana akamai, ka wai akamai, a pēlā aku.
ʻO ke kahua paʻa, me ke kahua paʻa akamai, ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino o nā hale a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo, nā hale akamai, ka hoʻoinu wai akamai, a pēlā aku.
Ka halihali: nā alanui akamai, ka hoʻokaʻawale kaʻa pili, ke kaʻa akamai, ka hoʻokele kaʻa akamai, ka nānā ʻana i ka walaʻau a me ka haumia, a pēlā aku.
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā hana a me nā lawelawe o ke kūlanakauhale akamai ma nā wahi e like me ka mālama ola akamai, ka hoʻonaʻauao akamai, ka hoʻokele akamai, ka hoʻolālā akamai, a me ka ʻikepili akamai/wehe, ʻo ia nā mea nui e hiki ai ke hana i nā kūlanakauhale akamai.
ʻOi aku ma mua o ke kūlanakauhale akamai e pili ana i ka "ʻenehana"
I ko mākou hoʻomaka ʻana e neʻe i nā kūlanakauhale akamai maoli, e hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o nā koho e pili ana i ka pilina, ka hoʻololi ʻikepili, nā kahua IoT, a me nā mea hou aku.
ʻOi aku hoʻi no nā hihia hoʻohana he nui e like me ka hoʻokele ʻōpala akamai a i ʻole ke kaʻa kaʻa akamai, ʻo ka ʻenehana IoT stack no nā noi kūlanakauhale akamai o kēia wā he maʻalahi a ʻaʻole hoʻi i pipiʻi. Loaʻa i nā wahi kūlanakauhale ka uhi uea ʻole maikaʻi no nā ʻāpana e neʻe ana, aia nā ao, aia nā hopena kiko a me nā huahana i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai, a aia nā pilina pūnaewele ākea haʻahaʻa-mana (LPWAN) ma nā kūlanakauhale he nui a puni ka honua i lawa no nā noi he nui.
ʻOiai aia kekahi ʻano loea koʻikoʻi i kēia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea e pili ana i nā kūlanakauhale akamai ma mua o kēlā. Hiki i kekahi ke kūkākūkā i ke ʻano o ka "akamai". ʻOiaʻiʻo, i loko o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo paʻakikī a piha hoʻi o nā kūlanakauhale akamai, e pili ana ia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono o nā kamaʻāina a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia o nā kānaka, ke kaiāulu a me nā kaiāulu kūlanakauhale.
ʻO ia hoʻi: ʻo nā kūlanakauhale me nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai holomua, ʻaʻole ia he mau hōʻikeʻike o ka ʻenehana, akā, he mau pahuhopu i hoʻokō ʻia ma muli o kahi hiʻohiʻona holoʻokoʻa o ke kaiapuni i kūkulu ʻia a me nā pono kanaka (me nā pono ʻuhane). I ka hana maoli, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia ʻāina a me ka moʻomeheu, ʻoiai he mea maʻamau nā pono kumu a pili i nā pahuhopu hana a me nā ʻoihana.
Ma ka puʻuwai o kekahi mea i kapa ʻia he akamai i kēia lā, inā paha he mau hale akamai, nā pūnaewele akamai a i ʻole nā kūlanakauhale akamai, ʻo ia ka pilina a me ka ʻikepili, i hiki ke hoʻāla ʻia e nā ʻano ʻenehana like ʻole a unuhi ʻia i loko o ka naʻauao e kākoʻo ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ʻo ka pilina wale nō ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea; ʻo nā kaiāulu a me nā kamaʻāina i pili pū ʻia he mea nui like ia.
Ma muli o nā pilikia he nui o ka honua e like me ka poʻe ʻelemakule a me nā pilikia o ke aniau, a me nā "haʻawina i aʻo ʻia" mai ka maʻi ahulau, ua maopopo he mea nui ia ma mua o ka wā ma mua e nānā hou i ke kumu o nā kūlanakauhale, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻaoʻao kaiāulu a me ke ʻano o ke ola e koʻikoʻi mau ana.
Ua ʻike ʻia ma kahi noiʻi Accenture e nānā ana i nā lawelawe lehulehu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ke kamaʻāina, kahi i nānā ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou e like me ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea, ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻoluʻolu o ke kamaʻāina ma ke poʻo o ka papa inoa. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka infographic o ke noiʻi, ua kiʻekiʻe nō hoʻi ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻoluʻolu o nā limahana (80%), a i ka hapa nui o nā hihia, ʻo ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻenehana pili hou ua alakaʻi i nā hopena hiki ke ʻike ʻia.
He aha nā pilikia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi kūlanakauhale akamai maoli?
ʻOiai ua oʻo nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai a ke hoʻolaha ʻia nei a hoʻolaha ʻia nei nā mea hou, e hala ana kekahi mau makahiki ma mua o ka hiki iā mākou ke kapa maoli i kahi kūlanakauhale he "kūlanakauhale akamai".
ʻOi aku ka ʻike o nā kūlanakauhale akamai o kēia mau lā ma mua o kahi ʻano hoʻolālā hoʻomaka a hiki i ka hopena. E noʻonoʻo he nui ka hana e hana ʻia ma nā hana, nā waiwai a me nā ʻoihana e loaʻa ai kahi kūlanakauhale akamai maoli, a hiki ke unuhi ʻia kēia hana i loko o kahi mana akamai. Eia nō naʻe, he paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi kūlanakauhale akamai maoli ma muli o nā ʻano pākahi e pili ana.
Ma ke kūlanakauhale akamai, ua pili kēia mau wahi a pau, a ʻaʻole kēia he mea hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia i ka pō hoʻokahi. Nui nā pilikia hoʻoilina, e like me kekahi mau hana a me nā hoʻoponopono, pono nā mākau hou, pono e hana i nā pilina he nui, a nui ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana e hana ʻia ma nā pae āpau (ka hoʻokele kūlanakauhale, nā lawelawe lehulehu, nā lawelawe halihali, ka palekana a me ka palekana, nā ʻoihana aupuni, nā keʻena aupuni kūloko a me nā mea hana ʻaelike, nā lawelawe hoʻonaʻauao, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).
Eia kekahi, mai kahi kuanaʻike ʻenehana a me ka hoʻolālā, ua maopopo he pono nō hoʻi mākou e kālele i ka palekana, ka ʻikepili nui, ka neʻe ʻana, ke ao a me nā ʻenehana pili like ʻole, a me nā kumuhana e pili ana i ka ʻike. Ua maopopo he mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻike, a me ka hoʻokele ʻike a me nā hana ʻikepili, no ke kūlanakauhale akamai o kēia lā a me ka lā ʻapōpō.
ʻO kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe hiki ʻole ke hoʻowahāwahā ʻia, ʻo ia ke ʻano a me ka makemake o nā kamaʻāina. A ʻo ke kālā ʻana i nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai kekahi o nā mea e kū ai. Ma kēia ʻano, he mea maikaʻi ke ʻike i nā hana a ke aupuni, inā he aupuni a he aupuni paha, e pili ana i nā kūlanakauhale akamai a i ʻole ka ecology, a i hoʻomaka ʻia e nā mea pāʻani ʻoihana, e like me ka Cisco's Urban Infrastructure Finance Acceleration Program.
Akā, ʻike maopopo ʻia, ʻaʻole kēia paʻakikī e kāohi ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā kūlanakauhale akamai a me nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai. I ka wā e kaʻana like ai nā kūlanakauhale i ko lākou mau ʻike a hoʻomohala i nā papahana akamai me nā pono maopopo, loaʻa iā lākou ka manawa kūpono e hoʻonui i ko lākou ʻike a aʻo mai nā hemahema hiki. Me kahi palapala alanui i ka noʻonoʻo e komo pū ana me nā ʻano mea kuleana like ʻole, a e hoʻonui nui kēia i nā hiki o nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai o kēia manawa i kahi wā e hiki mai ana a ʻoi aku ka hoʻohui ʻia.
E nānā i kahi ʻike ākea o nā kūlanakauhale akamai
ʻOiai ua pili pono nā kūlanakauhale akamai me ka ʻenehana, ʻoi aku ka hihiʻo o ke kūlanakauhale akamai ma mua o kēlā. ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui o ke kūlanakauhale akamai ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana kūpono e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o ke ola ma ke kūlanakauhale.
I ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua, pono e kūkulu ʻia nā kūlanakauhale hou a hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o nā wahi kūlanakauhale e kū nei. Ke hoʻohana pono ʻia, he mea nui ka ʻenehana no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia mau pilikia a me ke kōkua ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia he nui e kū nei i nā kūlanakauhale o kēia wā. Eia nō naʻe, i mea e hana maoli ai i kahi honua kūlanakauhale akamai, pono kahi ʻike ākea.
Lawe ka hapa nui o ka poʻe loea i kahi hiʻohiʻona ākea o nā kūlanakauhale akamai, ma ke ʻano o nā pahuhopu a me ka ʻenehana, a kapa aku kekahi i kekahi polokalamu kelepona i hoʻomohala ʻia e kekahi ʻāpana he polokalamu kūlanakauhale akamai.
1. He kuanaʻike kanaka ma ʻō aku o ka ʻenehana akamai: e hoʻolilo ana i nā kūlanakauhale i wahi maikaʻi e noho ai
ʻAʻohe mea pehea ke akamai o kā mākou ʻenehana akamai a pehea hoʻi ko lākou akamai e hoʻohana ai, pono mākou e kamaʻilio i kekahi mau mea nui - nā kānaka, ʻo ia hoʻi mai 5 mau kuanaʻike, me ka palekana a me ka hilinaʻi, ka hoʻokomo ʻana a me ke komo ʻana, ka makemake e loli, ka makemake e hana, ka pilina kaiapili, a pēlā aku.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Jerry Hultin, luna hoʻomalu o ka Global Future Group, luna hoʻomalu o ka Smart City Expo World Congress Advisory Board, a he loea akamai kūlanakauhale, "Hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā mea he nui, akā ʻo ka mea hope loa, pono mākou e hoʻomaka me mākou iho."
ʻO ke kuʻikahi kaiapili ke ʻano o ke kūlanakauhale a ka poʻe e makemake ai e noho, e aloha, e ulu, e aʻo a mālama, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o ke ao kūlanakauhale akamai. Ma ke ʻano he poʻe kumuhana o nā kūlanakauhale, loaʻa i nā kamaʻāina ka makemake e komo, e loli, a e hana. Akā, ma nā kūlanakauhale he nui, ʻaʻole lākou i manaʻo ua komo a noi ʻia paha e komo, a he ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia ma waena o nā heluna kanaka kikoʻī a ma nā ʻāina kahi i nui ai ka manaʻo ma ka ʻenehana kūlanakauhale akamai e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kino kīwila, akā, ʻaʻole nui ka manaʻo ma nā pono kanaka a me ke komo ʻana.
Eia kekahi, hiki i ka ʻenehana ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana, akā pehea e pili ana i ka hilinaʻi? Ma hope o nā hoʻouka kaua, nā haunaele politika, nā pōʻino kūlohelohe, nā hōʻino politika, a i ʻole ke kānalua e hele mai me ka loli nui o nā manawa ma nā kūlanakauhale he nui a puni ka honua, ʻaʻohe manaʻolana e emi nui ka hilinaʻi o ka poʻe i nā hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale akamai.
ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui e ʻike i ke ʻano pilikino o kēlā me kēia kūlanakauhale a me ka ʻāina; he mea nui e noʻonoʻo i nā kamaʻāina pākahi; a he mea nui e aʻo i nā dinamika i loko o nā kaiāulu, nā kūlanakauhale a me nā hui kamaʻāina a me kā lākou pilina me ka ʻōnaehana ola e ulu nei a me nā ʻenehana pili i nā kūlanakauhale akamai.
2. Ka wehewehe ʻana a me ka hihiʻo o ke kūlanakauhale akamai mai ka manaʻo o ka neʻe ʻana
Ke loli mau nei ke kumumanaʻo, ka hihiʻo, ka wehewehe ʻana, a me ke ʻano maoli o ke kūlanakauhale akamai.
Ma nā ʻano he nui, he mea maikaʻi ia ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale akamai. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale, ʻaʻole hoʻi he wahi kūlanakauhale, he meaola a me kahi ʻōnaehana ola nona ke ola ponoʻī a ua hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana he nui e neʻe ana, e ola ana, a pili pū ana, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kamaʻāina, nā limahana, nā malihini, nā haumāna, a pēlā aku.
ʻO ka wehewehena kūpono no ke ao holoʻokoʻa o ke "kūlanakauhale akamai" e hoʻowahāwahā i ke ʻano ikaika, loli a ʻano like ʻole o ke kūlanakauhale.
ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale akamai i nā ʻenehana e hoʻokō ana i nā hopena ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polokalamu pili, nā ʻōnaehana, nā pūnaewele ʻike, a me nā ʻike mai ka ʻike loea i hoʻopili ʻia a hana ʻia kekahi ala e wehewehe ai i kahi kūlanakauhale akamai. Akā, hoʻowahāwahā ia i nā mea nui like ʻole o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā lāhui, hoʻowahāwahā ia i nā ʻano moʻomeheu, a kau ia i ka ʻenehana i mua a me ke kikowaena no nā pahuhopu like ʻole.
Akā, ʻoiai mākou e kaupalena ana iā mākou iho i ka pae ʻenehana, he mea maʻalahi ke nalowale i ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e neʻe mau ana ka ʻenehana a me ka wikiwiki, me nā hiki hou e kū mai ana, e like me nā pilikia hou e kū mai ana ma ka pae o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kaiāulu holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole wale nā ʻenehana e kū mai ana, akā, ʻo nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo o ka poʻe e pili ana i kēlā mau ʻenehana, e like me lākou ma ka pae o nā kūlanakauhale, nā kaiāulu a me nā lāhui holoʻokoʻa.
No ka mea, ʻo kekahi mau ʻenehana he mau mea hiki ke hoʻokele i nā kūlanakauhale, lawelawe i nā kamaʻāina a hoʻomākaukau no nā pilikia o kēia manawa a me ka wā e hiki mai ana. No kekahi poʻe, ʻo ke ʻano o ka launa pū ʻana o nā kamaʻāina a me ke ʻano o ka holo ʻana o nā kūlanakauhale e lilo ia i mea nui ma ka pae ʻenehana.
No laila, inā mākou e pili i ka wehewehena maʻamau o ke kūlanakauhale akamai ma kona aʻa ʻenehana, ʻaʻohe kumu e hiki ʻole ai ke loli kēia, a e loli maoli nō ia i ka wā e hoʻomau ai ka ulu ʻana o nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke kuleana a me kahi o ka ʻenehana.
Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kaiāulu, a me nā hihiʻo o nā kūlanakauhale, ʻaʻole wale ia mai kēlā ʻāina a kēia ʻāina, mai kēlā wahi a kēia wahi, a ma waena o nā hui demographic like ʻole i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, akā e ulu pū ana hoʻi i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Pepeluali-08-2023